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N-body
Simulation Testbed
NBodyLab.org
A
laboratory for experimenting with small astrophysical N-body
simulations,
using a desktop GRAPE-6a supercomputer.
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GRAPE Special Purpose Computers
Timing Comparisons, NBODY4 with GRAPE-6a acceleration versus NBODY6 host only
| | NBODY4 with Grape-6a | | NBODY6 (no Grape) |
N | | secs | NSTEPS | | secs | NSTEPS |
| | | | | | |
1000 | | 2 | 311453 | | 6 | 311702 |
2000 | | 6 | 725030 | | 21 | 713384 |
5000 | | 24 | 2198306 | | 138 | 2116023 |
10000 | | 75 | 5108852 | | 630 | 4969584 |
15000 | | 154 | 8403010 | | 1464 | 7986884 |
20000 | | 260 | 11912983 | | 2660 | halted early |
25000 | | 394 | 15489176 | | 4320 | 14909116 |
Note: TCRIT=2. Other parameters for NBODY4 are those shown in the default inputs for the single Plummer model in NBodyLab. NSTEPS is the number of direct integration steps. Other parameters for NBODY6 are those given in Aarseth's source distribution example input file.
The summary below was compiled by Vicki Johnson and reviewed by Prof. Jun
Makino in late 2004 for accuracy.
Gordon Bell awards and GRAPE developers
GRAPE (GRAvity PipE) special-purpose computers are designed to
accelerate the calculation of forces in simulations of interacting
particles. GRAPE systems have been used for N-body calculations
in astrophysics, molecular dynamics models, the study of magnetism and
many other applications. The history of GRAPE development is
shown below. Seven GRAPE systems have received Gordon Bell Prizes
for outstanding supercomputer performance:
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2003 Gordon Bell Prize,
Special Achievement
Performance
Evaluation and Tuning of GRAPE-6—Towards 40 'Real' Tflop/s
Junichiro Makino, Hiroshi Daisaka, Eiichiro Kokubo, Toshiyuki Fukushige |
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2001 Gordon Bell Prize,
Winner, Peak Performance
A
11.55 Tflops simulation of black holes in a galactic center on GRAPE-6
Junichiro Makino, Toshiyuki Fukushige |
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2000 Gordon Bell Prize,
Winner, Peak Performance Category
A
1.349 Tflops simulation of black holes in a galactic center on GRAPE-6
Junichiro Makino, Toshiyuki Fukushige, Masaki Koga |
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2000 Gordon Bell Prize,
Winner, Peak Performance Category (tie with above)
1.34
Tflops Molecular Dynamic simulation for NaCl with a Special Purpose
Computer: MDM
(MD-GRAPE system)
Tetsu Narumi, Ryutaro Susukita, Takahiro Koishi, Kenji Yasuoka, Hideaki
Furusawa, Atsushi Kawai, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki
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1999 Gordon Bell Prize,
Price Performance, First Prize
Astrophysical N-body simulation
144 Glops / $ 1 M on custom-built GRAPE-5 32-processor system
Atsuchi Kawai, Toshiyuki Fushushige, and Junichiro Makino |
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1996 Gordon Bell Prize,
Performance, Honorable Mention
Simulation of the motion of 780,000 stars
333 Gflops using the Grape-4 machine w/ 1,269 processors
Junichiro Makino, Toshiyuki Fukushige |
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1995 Gordon Bell Prize,
First Place, Special Purpose Machines
Simulation of the Motion of 10,000 Stars
112 Gflops using the Grape-4 machine with 288 processors
Astrophysical
N-body Simulations on GRAPE-4 Special-Purpose Computer
Junichiro Makino, Makoto Taiji |
The GRAPE Systems book
The hardware and software design of the GRAPE
systems and scientific applications are explained in a book written by
the lead designers:
Scientific
Simulations with Special-Purpose Computers--the GRAPE Systems
by Junichiro Makino and Makoto Taiji
John Wiley & Sons, 1998
See also www.astrogrape.org
and other references given below.
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Junichiro Makino
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Makoto Taiji |
Evolution of the GRAPE Systems
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GRAPE-1 and 1A
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1989, 240 Mflops |
Developers GRAPE-1:
Tomoyoshi Ito, Junichiro Makino, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Daiichiro Sugimoto
Developers GRAPE-1A: Toshiyuki Fukushige, Tomoyoshi Ito,
Junichiro Makino, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Daiichiro Sugimoto
Scientific
Simulations with Special-Purpose Computers--the GRAPE Systems
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| GRAPE-2
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1990, 40 Mflops
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Developers: Tomoyoshi Ito,
Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Junichiro Makino, Daiichiro Sugimoto
A
Special-Purpose Computer for Gravitational Many-Body Systems: GRAPE-2
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GRAPE-3
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1991, 15 Gflops
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Developers: Sachiko K
Okumura, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Junichiro Makino, Toshiyuki
Fukushige, Tomoyoshi Ito, Daiichiro Sugimoto, Eiri Hashimoto, Koumei
Tomida, Noriaki Miyakawa
Highly
Parallelized Special-Purpose Computer, GRAPE-3
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HARP-1
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1993, 180 Mflops |
Eiichiro Kokubo,
Makoto Taiji, Junichiro Makino
HARP:
A Special-Purpose Computer for N-Body Problem
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HARP-2
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1993, 1.2 Gflops |
Makoto Taiji, Junichiro
Makino, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Daiichiro
Sugimoto
HARP:
A Special-Purpose Computer for N-Body Problem
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GRAPE-4
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1995, 1.08Tflops |
Developers: Junichiro
Makino, Makoto Taiji, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Daiichiro Sugimoto,
Toshiyuki Fukushige
GRAPE-4:
A Teraflops Machine for N-Body Simulations
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GRAPE-5
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1998, 21.6 Gflops |
Developers: Atsuchi Kawai,
Toshiyuki Fukushige, Makoto Taiji, Junichiro Makino
GRAPE-5:
A Special-Purpose Computer for N-Body Simulations
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GRAPE-6
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1998, 120 Gflops
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Developers: Junichiro
Makino, Toshiyuki Fukushige, Hiroshi Daisaka, Eiichiro Kokubo,
Masaki Koga, Makoto Taiji, Ken Namura
GRAPE-6:
Massively-Parallel Special-Purpose Computer for Astrophysical Particle
Simulations
Sales
information
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GRAPE-6a
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2003, 125 Gflops
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Developers: Junichiro
Makino, Toshiyuki Fukushige, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Atsushi Kawai
GRAPE-6A:
A single-card GRAPE-6 for parallel PC-GRAPE cluster system
Sales
information
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MD-GRAPE2
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1998, 64 Gflops
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Developers: Makoto Taiji,
Tetsu Narumi, Ryutaro Susukita, Takahiro Koishi, Kenji Yasuoka, Hideaki
Furusawa, Atsushi Kawai, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki
1.34
Tflops Molecular Dynamic simulation for NaCl with a Special Purpose
Computer: MDM
Sales information
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Future Directions
GRAPE-DR
The GRAPE-DR project will produce the next generation GRAPE, with a
speed exceeding 1 Petaflops. Each chip will contain several hundred
processors instead of the many parallel pipelines used in earlier GRAPE
designs. The Japanese Ministry of Education is funding the
project for five years, starting in July 2004.
MD-GRAPE3
As part of Japan's Protein 3000 project, the MD-GRAPE3 (also called the
Protein Explorer) will be used in a petaflops special-purpose computer
for molecular dynamics simulations. Development is expected to
be completed in 2006.
To sign up for news, get help or request permission for longer simulations,
write to nbodylab@interconnect.com. |
